A 2019 constitutional amendment grants the president the authority to use the armed forces to protect internal and national security through 2024. The law describes femicide as a gender-based murder under any of the following seven circumstances: signs of sexual violence, previous violence, emotional connection to the perpetrator, previous threats, harassment history, victim held incommunicado prior to deprivation of life, or victims body exposure in a public place. Womens rights activists supported the law as critical to combat the increasingly prevalent problem of online sexual harassment. There is no real history of political unrest in the state. As of October the accused were in a military prison awaiting trial. That means the homicide crime rate was 29 per 100,000 in 2020. The year 2020 had the second-highest number of cases on record, with 8,626 reported missing or disappeared, down from 9,185 cases reported in 2019. In-country Movement: There were numerous instances of armed groups limiting the movements of migrants, including by threats and acts of kidnapping, extortion, and homicide. As of July, 94 percent of active unions under federal jurisdiction had registered their amended statutes with the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare (STPS), but only 39 percent of active unions under local jurisdiction had registered their amendments with the CABs. The pension was 2,550 pesos ($125) every two months. NGOs reported that acts of excessive use of force and arbitrary detention occurred against female protesters, especially those protesting gender-based violence. The Mexico 2017 Crime and Safety Report for Mexico City by the US Department of State's Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) indicates that crimes such as armed robberies, kidnappings, car thefts, credit card fraud and residential theft are "daily concerns" (US 24 Feb. 2017). In June media outlets reported that a fight between two rival groups of inmates left six inmates dead and nine wounded at a prison in Villahermosa, Tabasco. The CNDH reported that assailants killed 12 human rights defenders from January to July. By law the government collected biometric data from migrants. In March the government amended federal labor law to define the minimum wage as the lowest cash amount a worker receives for services rendered during a workday and stipulated it should never be below the inflation rate. In its data collection, the government often merged statistics on forcibly disappeared persons with missing persons not suspected of being victims of forced disappearance, making it difficult to compile accurate statistics on the extent of the problem. The National Migration Institute, under the authority of the Interior Secretariat, is responsible for enforcing migration law. The state search commission paused all search efforts between May and June due to increased levels of insecurity for family search collectives, according to civil society groups. Federal law prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, and mental disabilities. As of September authorities made no arrests regarding the 2020 killing of prominent indigenous and environmental rights defender Homero Gomez. In the first six months of the year, Article 19 registered 362 attacks against journalists and accused public officials of committing 134 of them. In 2020 the STPS Federal Labor Inspectorate conducted almost 30,000 labor inspections nationwide but reported finding only one case of child labor. Since 2019 more than 60 women accused Roemer of sexual abuse, assault, and rape. This represented an increase of 11 percent of children from the 2017 INEGI survey. Defendants have the right to a presumption of innocence and to a fair and public trial without undue delay. In March attackers shot and killed Father Gumersindo Cortes in Guanajuato. From January to June, the CNDH received nine complaints accusing government agents of forced disappearances, including five against the army and four against the National Guard. A warrant for arrest is not required if an official has direct evidence regarding a persons involvement in a crime, such as having witnessed the commission of a crime; in a 2018 report, the domestic think tank Mexico Evalua determined that 90 percent of all arrests fell under this category. Of the day laborers, 33 percent received no financial compensation for their work, and only 3 percent had a formal written contract. According to Google Report, Google received 24 requests from authorities in 2020 to remove content 13 from police, eight from government officials, and three from unspecified sources. The UN Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) documented cases in the states of Mexico and Chiapas in which detainees remained in pretrial detention for more than 12 years. There were several reports that government entities or their agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings, often with impunity. The minimum age for hazardous work is 18, including all work in the agricultural sector. A 2019 CNDH poll found six of every 10 members of the LGBTQI+ community reported experiencing discrimination in the past 12 months, and more than half suffered hate speech and physical aggression. The CNDH headquarters are located in Mexico City. Digital media journalists covering stories such as crime, corruption, and human rights violations experienced physical violence and online abuse. The National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) is responsible for independently investigating security force abuses, including killings, and can issue nonbinding recommendations for prosecution. Workers, the employer, or an interested third party may request the CAB or court rule on the legality of the strike, which may find the strike is nonexistent and therefore illegal. The OSAC Program Office is headquartered in Washington, DC and is overseen by a 34-member public-private Council. As of July 13, a total of 3,501 prisoners had contracted COVID-19 and 75,162 had received vaccines, according to the CNDH. The constitution allows any person to arrest another if the crime is committed in his or her presence. This mass displacement elevated the groups risk of malnutrition and health maladies. osac mexico 2020 crime and safety report As of September no alleged perpetrators of the disappearances had been convicted, and 78 of those initially accused were released due to lack of evidence, generally due to irregularities in their detention, including confessions obtained through torture. It was created in 2019 to bring together national and international forensic experts to help identify 37,000 unidentified remains held in government facilities, coordinate implementation of the general law on forced disappearances, and allocate resources to state search commissions. In June the Supreme Court issued a unanimous decision confirming that the exercise of the right to strike suspends the processing of collective conflicts of an economic nature that may be pending before the court and the topics that they present, unless the workers express in writing their agreement to submit the conflict to the decision of the court. The United States Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) has issued a travel advisory for Americans planning travel to Mexico for spring break.. Any corporate, non-profit, academic, faith-based or other U.S.-incorporated organization of any size with operations outside the United States may apply to join. The presidential cabinet had 19 secretariats, and as of August women headed seven. The CNDH may take on cases from state-level commissions if it receives a complaint that the state commission has not adequately investigated the case. Despite a government program to transmit public education classes via internet, television, and radio during the pandemic, reports suggested that at least 2.5 million children did not continue their basic education. Also see the Department of States Trafficking in Persons Report at https://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report/. Following the introduction of the accusatorial justice system, however, there was a significant reduction in the number of persons detained in this manner, falling from more than 1,900 in 2011 to 21 in 2018. Disappearances remained a persistent problem throughout the country, especially in areas with high levels of cartel or gang-related violence. In October 2020 the Electoral Tribunal granted registration to three new political parties: Solidary Encounter Party, Progressive Social Networks, and Social Force for Mexico. Government officials stated that the harassment of Catholic priests and evangelical Protestant pastors reflected high levels of generalized violence throughout the country and not targeted attacks based on religious faith. As a result other unions, including a new union formed by workers after the vote, gained the right to seek representation rights and negotiate a new agreement. The law prohibits compulsory overtime. Federal law specifically proscribes discrimination based on ethnicity, nationality, gender, age, disability, social status, health, religion, immigration status, political opinion, sexual preference, marital status, or pregnancy. | OSAC is a partnership . Between January and June, the commission registered that 115,534 women received attention in Justice Centers for Women throughout the country, a 19 percent increase over the same period in 2020. According to National Security Secretariat statistics, between January and June, state-level prosecutors and attorneys general opened 495 femicide investigations throughout the country, exceeding the 477 state-level femicide investigations opened in the first half of 2020 (statistics from state-level reports often conflated femicides with all killings of women). While on average informal workers earned less than the minimum wage, in some areas, such as near the northern border, informal employment could pay more than formal employment in the manufacturing sector. Penalties for violations of the law were commensurate with those for other similar laws. Some prisons were undersubscribed, while others were overcrowded. 0 . During the first six months of 2021 the INEGI reported a total 16,972 (provisional) and the SESNSP reported 16,950 murders. Calls included reports of relationship aggression, sexual assault, sexual harassment, rape, and intrafamily violence. Women were more likely to experience discrimination in wages, working hours, and benefits. The most common aggressions were intimidation and harassment, followed by threats and physical attacks, according to civil society groups. The midterms marked a large increase in female candidates. famous las vegas male singers. The law requires children younger than 18 to complete compulsory basic education and to have a medical certificate to work. OSAC 2021-N-0016, Standard for Initial Response at Scenes by Law Enforcement (added September 7, 2021 and sent to ASB for further development and publication). The federal government and states continued to implement the law on forced disappearances. Standards moving through the development process at standards developing organizations (SDOs). Not all public defenders were qualified, however, and often the state public defender system was understaffed. The army and the navy have human rights units to create protocols and training. Nonetheless, discrimination was common against racial and ethnic minorities, including Black, Afro-Mexican, and indigenous groups. A report from the Black Alliance for Just Immigration found black migrants faced widespread racial discrimination from individuals and authorities, particularly in accessing employment and services. The CABs continued failures to administer and oversee procedures related to union activity impartially and transparently, such as union elections, registrations, and strikes, undermined worker efforts to exercise their rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. The year started under the shadow of the brutal murders of the . Enforcement, however, was inconsistent across the states. In Baja California Sur, Guanajuato, Michoacan, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, and Yucatan, the crimes of defamation and libel are prosecuted, with penalties ranging from three days to five years in prison and fines for committing defamation or slander, both considered crimes against honor. Slander is punishable under the criminal laws of the states of Campeche, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Yucatan, and Zacatecas, with sentences ranging from three months to six years in prison and fines. Subcontracting is allowed if it is used to perform specialized services unrelated to the main economic activity of businesses or public institutions. The law allows for the reinstatement of workers if the CAB finds the employer fired the worker without just cause and the worker requests reinstatement; however, the law also exempts broad categories of employees from this protection, including so-called employees of confidence and workers in the job for less than one year. The OSAC app offers many of these tools and reports that are provided on the website. Civil society groups reported families living in inhuman conditions, with inadequate and cramped housing, no access to clean water or bathrooms, insufficient food, and without medical care. According to the Center for Economic Research and Teaching, most criminal suspects did not receive representation until after their first custody hearing, thus making individuals vulnerable to coercion to sign false statements prior to appearing before a judge. Civil society groups claimed police routinely subjected LGBTQI+ persons to mistreatment while in custody. In-person classes resumed in October 2021, but with limited .